2015年12月四六级真题及答案※ 关注微信 对答案 ※ 四六级题库估分

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　　作文：

　　2015年12月大学英语六级考试已经结束，今年四级作文题目之一“虽然有信息发达的信息技术，但是要获得有用的信息依然困难 ”。关于科技类话题，2014年12月的六级作文考试也考过类似的题目，因此只要将历年真题复习好，相信大家对此话题应不会感到陌生。都教授特此提供范文一篇，供大家参考学习。

　　参考范文：

　　The picture vividly depicts that a group of people are holding a meeting in an office. They are facing a difficult problem that although they have lots of advanced information technology, they still fail to acquire useful information.

　　In fact, the phenomenon conveyed in the picture does not surprise us, because as the science and technology develops, the topic concerning the side effects of technological advancement increasingly arouses people’s attention. Undoubtedly, the drawer of the picture aims at reminding us that advanced technology can not replace useful information, and in effect it is still difficult to get the useful information despite of information technology . What we should do is to be capable of telling the goof information from the bad. Put it another way, technology can only provides us a way to obtain the information, but to get the knowledge, we desired, we must pay out efforts instead of over-depending on the technology.

　　It is well known that thanks to the development of human civilization, many formerly unimaginable things come into reality. But, while enjoying the convenience produced by tech, we should alert that there is no shortcut to helpful information ; we should bear in mind that advanced technology can not be the substitute of human endeavors in getting useful information . In addition, it is wise for human beings to learn how to obtain and distinguish the information they would like by themselves.

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　　听力：

　　短对话答案

　　1. B. The dressing makes themixed salad very inviting.

　　2. B. He is opening a newconsulting firm.

　　3. B. The man may find thesupplies in the cabinet.

　　4. D. He has to use amagnifying glass to see clearly.

　　5. C. Redecorating heroffice.

　　6. A. Shortage of containerships.

　　7. A. Acolleague.

　　8. C. Hold the banquet at a differentplace.

　　长对话答案

　　ConversationOne

　　9. D. He often goes backhome late for dinner.

　　10. B. To discuss an urgentproblem.

　　11. C. There is a sharpincrease in India's balance of payment deficit.

　　ConversationTwo

　　12. D. They have unrealisticexpectations about the other half.

　　13. A. He is lucky to beable to do what he loves.

　　14. B. It is allglamour.

　　15. A.Amazed.

　　短文答案

　　Passage One

　　16. B. Follow closely the fast development oftechnology.

　　17. B. What type of personnel the team should becomposed of.

　　18. D. A team manager should develop a certainset skills.

　　Passage Two

　　19. A. It is a program allowing people to shareinformation on the Web.

　　20. B. He met with an entrepreneur named JimClark.

　　21. B. They had confidence in his newideas.

　　Passage Three

　　22. A. Word-of-mouthadvertising.

　　23. D. To build up theirreputation.

　　24. D. By using the servicesof large advertising agencies.

　　25. C. Pre-test alternative ads or commercialsin certain regions.

　　短文听写答案

　　26. eternal

　　27. diminishing

　　28. absolute

　　29. succeed

　　30. on a vast scale

　　31. As regards

　　32. used up

　　33. disposing

　　34. modification

　　35. magnitude

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　　词汇理解：

　　36. B. caters

　　37. M. recommended

　　38. D. debated

　　39. F. ideal

　　40. C. chronically

　　41. G. improvements

　　42. E. deprivation

　　43. L. ready

　　44. H. necessarily

　　45. O. target

　　长篇阅读

　　Climate change may be real, but it’s still not easy being green

　　How do we convince our inner caveman to be greener?We ask some outstanding social scientists.

　　A) The road to climate hell is paved with our good intentions. Politicians may tackle polluters while scientists do battle with carbon emissions. But the most pervasive problem is less obvious: our own behaviour. We get distracted before we can turn down the heating. We break our promise not to fly after hearing about a neighbor’s rip to India. Ultimately, we can’t be bothered to change our attitude. Fortunately for the planet, social science and behavioral economics may be able to do that for us.

　　B) Despite mournful polar bears and carts showing carbon emissions soaring, mot people find it hard to believe that global warming will affect them personally. Recent polls by the Pew Research Centre in Washington, DC, found that 75-80 per cent of participants regarded climate change as an important issue. But respondents ranked it last on a list of priorities.

　　C) This inconsistency largely stems from a feeling of powerlessness. “When we can’t actually remove the source of our fear, we tend to adapt psychologically by adopting a range of defense mechanisms,” says Tom Crompton, change strategist for the environmental organization World Wide Fund for Nature.

　　D) Part of the fault lies with our inner caveman. Evolution has programmed humans to pay most attention to issues that will have an immediate impact. “We worry most about now because if we don’t survive for the next minute, we’re not going to be around in ten years’ time,” says Professor Elke Weber of the Centre for Research on Environmental Decisions at Columbia University in New York. If the Thames were lapping around Big Ben, Londoners would face up to the problem of emissions pretty quickly. But in practice, our brain discounts the risks—and benefits—associated with issues that lie some way ahead.

　　E) Matthew Rushworth, of the Department of Experimental Psychology at the University of Oxford, sees this in his lab every day. “One of the ways in which all agents seem to make decisions is that they assign a lower weighting to outcomes that are going to be further away in the future,” he says. “This is a very sensible way for an animal to make decisions in the wild and would have been very helpful for humans for thousands of years.”

　　F) Not any longer. By the time we wake up to the threat posed by climate change, it could well be too late. And if we’re not going to make national decisions about the future, others may have to help us to do so.

　　G) Few political libraries are without a copy of Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth and Happiness, by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein. They argue that governments should persuade us into making better decisions—such as saving more in our pension plans—by changing the default options. Professor Weber believes that environmental policy can make use of similar tactics. If, for example, building codes included green construction guidelines, most developers would be too lazy to challenge them.

　　H) Defaults are certainly part of the solution. But social scientists are most concerned about crafting messages that exploit our group mentality(心态). ”We need to understand what motivates people, what it is that allows them to make change,” says Professor Neil Adger, of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research in Norwich. ”It is actually about what their peers think of them, what their social norms are, what is seen as desirable in society.” In other words, our inner caveman is continually looking over his shoulder to see what the rest of the tribe are up to.

　　I) The passive attitude we have to climate change as individuals can be altered by counting us in—and measuring us against—our peer group. “Social norms are primitive and elemental,” says Dr. Robert Cialdini, author of Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion. “Birds flock together, fish school together, cattle herd together … just perceiving norms is enough to cause people to adjust their behavior in the direction of the crowd.”

　　J) These norms can take us beyond good intentions. Cialdini conducted a study in San Diego in which coat hangers bearing messages about saving energy were hung on people’s doors. Some of the messages mentioned the environment, some financial savings, others social responsibility. But it was the one that mentioned the actions of neighbours that drove down power use.

　　K) Other studies show that simply providing the facility for people to compare their energy use with the local average is enough to cause them to modify their behaviour. The Conservatives plan to adopt this strategy by making utility companies print the average local electricity and gas usage on people’s bills.

　　L) Social science can also teach politicians how to avoid our collective capacity for self-destructive behaviour. Environmental campaigns that tell us how many people drive SUVs unwittingly (不经意地) imply that this behaviour is widespread and thus permissible. Cialdini recommends some careful framing of the message. “Instead of normalising the undesirable behaviour, the message needs to marginalise it, for example, by stating that if even one person buys yet another SUV, it reduces our ability to be energy-independent.”

　　M) Tapping into how we already see ourselves is crucial. The most successful environmental strategy will marry the green message to our own sense of identity. Take your average trade union member, chances are they will be politically motivated and be used to collective action—much like Erica Gregory. A retired member of the Public and Commercial Services Union, she is setting up one of 1,100 action groups with the support of Climate Solidarity, a two-year environmental campaign aimed at trade unionists.

　　N) Erica is proof that a great-grandmother can help to lead the revolution if your get the psychology right—in this case, by matching her enthusiasm for the environment with a fondness for organising groups. “I think there must be something in it.” She is expecting up to 20 people at the first meeting she has called, at her local pub in the Cornish village of Polperro.

　　O) Nick Perks, project director for Climate Solidarity, believes this sort of activity is where the future of environmental action lies. “Using existing civil society structures or networks is a more effective way of creating change … and obviously trade unions are one of the biggest civil society networks in the UK,” he says. The “Love Food, Haste Waste” campaign entered into a collaboration last year with another such network—the Women’s Institute. Londoner Rachel Talor joined the campaign with the aim of making new friends. A year on, the meetings have made lasting changes to what she throws away in her kitchen. “It’s always more of an incentive if you’re doing it with other people,” she says. “It motivates you more if you know that you’ve got to provide feedback to a group.”

　　P) The power of such simple psychology in fighting climate change is attracting attention across the political establishment. In the US, the House of Representatives Science Committee has approved a bill allocating $10 million a year to studying energy-related behaviour. In the UK, new studies are in development and social scientists are regularly spotted in British government offices. With the help of psychologists, there is fresh hope that we might go green after all.

　　46. When people find they are powerless to change a situation, they tend to live with it.

　　47. To be effective, environmental messages should be carefully framed.

　　48. It is the government’s responsibility to persuade people into making environment-friendly decisions.

　　49. Politicians are beginning to realize the importance of enlisting psychologists’ help in fighting climate change.

　　50. To find effective solutions to climate change, it is necessary to understand what motivates people to make change.

　　51. In their evolution, humans have learned to pay attention to the most urgent issues instead of long-term concerns.

　　52. One study shows that our neighbors’ actions are influential unchanging our behavior.

　　53. Despite clear signs of global warming, it is not easy for most people to believe climate change will affect their own lives.

　　54.We would take our future into consideration in making decisions concerning climate change before it is too late.

　　55. Existing social networks can be more effective in creating change in people’s behaviour.

　　答案：CLGPH DJBFO

　　仔细阅读：

　　56-60.

　　61. It has aroused public attention to safety issues.

　　62. It has sent half a dozen passengers into space.

　　63. To promote the space tourism industry.

　　64. Suspend Virgin Galactic’s Lisence to take passengers into space.

　　65. It is worth promoting despite the risks involved.

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　　翻译：

　　在中国 父母总是竭力帮助孩子，甚至为孩子做重要的决定，而不管孩子要什么，因为他们相信这样做是为了孩子好。结果孩子的成长和教育往往屈从于父母的意愿。如果父母决定为孩子报名参加一个课外班，以增加其被重点学校录取的机会，他们会坚持自己的决定，即使孩子根本不感兴趣。然而在美国，父母很可能会尊重孩子的意见，并在决策时更注重孩子的意见。中国父母十分注重教育或许值得称赞，然而他们应向美国父母学习涉及教育时如何平衡孩子和父母间的关系。

　　Parents in China are always trying to help their children， even to make the most important decision for them， regardless of what the children really want， because parents believe it’s all for the benefit of their children。 This has led to the result that the children’s growth and education tend to give way to their parents’ wishes。 Once the parents decide to sign up an afterschool class for their children in order to increase their chance of being admitted to a good school， they will stick on their decision， even their children have no interest in it at all.In America， however， parents tend to respect their children， especially when making decisions。 Perhaps it is commendable that Chinese parents lay much importance on education， but Chinese parents still need to keep the balance between the parents and children in the perspective of education as the American parents do。

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